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What do people think about security?

How people in the UK understand security: examining public views on safety, crime, policing, and financial stability.

2025 Available in English

Male in police uniform standing with arms folded behind his back in the middle of a street with other police in front of him in the distance

Photo by: King's Church International on Unsplash

Speaking in the House of Commons on 25 February 2025, the Prime Minister talked of the need to change our national security posture, calling for a whole-society effort to enable the biggest sustained increase in defence spending since the end of the Cold War. He spoke of enemies who are sophisticated in cyber-attacks, sabotage and even assassination, and of the importance of NATO and the threat from president Putin as seen in the war in Ukraine. It seems clear that in the eyes of the government, security is associated with the interference of foreign powers and the threat of armed conflict. But is that what people in the UK actually think?

To find out, Tearfund commissioned a survey to explore the views of a nationally representative sample of the UK population on security. The survey, which was conducted in March 2025, involved 2,205 people and sought to understand how people within the UK define security and what they perceive as key threats to their security. The data is analysed in these reports. One looks at the full sample of 2,205 people, the other looks at a smaller sample of 829 regular churchgoers. Together they offer a snapshot of how a representative sample of the UK population and of regular churchgoers understand security. 

This data allows comparisons to be drawn between the views of regular churchgoers and the wider population as a whole. It also allows comparisons to be made with the stated perspectives and priorities of people in the UK and the highly militarised view of security and funding priorities that is currently emphasised by the government. 

Defining security

The survey asked people to describe what a secure life looked like for them. The dominant themes included financial security, physical safety and protection, a sense of comfort and wellbeing, having social support networks such as family and relationships, peace and freedom to live as desired, and stability and predictability.

Financial security

A common theme was having enough money to cover essential costs, pay bills, save for the future, and handle emergencies without worry. This included having a stable income, a good job, and financial independence.

Safety and protection

Another popular theme was feeling safe from crime, violence and threats both at home and in the community. This involved personal safety, security of one's home (locked doors, alarms), and feeling safe walking around, even at night. It also included the need for global security and freedom from social unrest or war.

Comfort and wellbeing

Living comfortably without constant worry about finances or dangers was also mentioned frequently. This included feeling content, happy and at peace, having a warm home, enough food, and good health.

Family and relationships

Linked to this sense of comfort and wellbeing was being in a loving and supportive family group and having friends around. Feeling a sense of belonging and having people to rely on for emotional and practical support was also important.

Peace and freedom

Many people also mentioned living without fear, having free movement, and not being judged or discriminated against. This included feeling confident and being able to live life as desired, without restrictions.

Stability and predictability

Another common theme was a desire for stability. Having a stable job, home and income, and not having to worry about unwanted interruptions or sudden negative changes was seen as important. This included a sense of control and consistency in one's life.

As well as defining security in their own words, people were also asked to select three options from a list of eleven that best described what security meant to them. Over half selected being able to go about their daily life without threat, and their financial and economic wellbeing, within their top three options. Just under half selected being able to meet their basic needs. There was a significant gap between these top three and the remaining eight options. Only 17% of the sample selected having a strong military in their top three options.

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